英文标题：China-Europe Electric Vehicle Trade Negotiations: Seeking a Balanced Innovation Path

作者：llAB高級評論员Qaiser Nawab(联合国可持续发展战略专家）责编：紫壇

Author: llAB Senior Commentator Qaiser Nawab (United Nations Sustainable Development Strategy Expert) Editor-in-Chief: Zidan

随着电动汽车 （EV） 市场重塑全球经济并影响地缘政治联盟，中欧电动汽车贸易谈判代表着欧洲作为工业和环境强国的未来的关键时刻。与美国不同，美国对中国技术进口的立场收紧，欧盟有潜力采取更加平衡的方法。这一战略不仅可以避免美国式的限制性政策，还可以为欧洲消费者和企业提供具有竞争力和创新性的电动汽车选择，尤其是来自中国快速发展的电动汽车行业。

美国 ICTS（信息和通信技术与服务）规则出于安全原因禁止进口某些中国技术，反映了美国政府减少对中国依赖的广泛立场。这项政策对全球供应链产生了重大影响，影响了从电信到汽车的行业。然而，它的影响超出了安全范围，因为它通过限制消费者获得负担得起的创新产品来限制美国的经济竞争，尤其是在中国擅长的高科技行业。

如果欧盟采取保护主义或与美国保持一致的政策，欧洲消费者可能会面临更高的价格、更少的选择和更慢的技术进步，尤其是在电动汽车这样的关键领域，负担得起的选择是加速绿色转型的关键。许多行业专家认为，欧洲市场应避免与美国的限制保持一致，而是采用公平贸易原则，以促进全球创新并确保将最好的产品送到欧洲消费者手中。

上图：在意大利都靈聖卡洛廣場，參加車展的車輛經過市中心羅馬

中国公司在电动汽车技术方面取得了显著进步，在经济性、电池效率和自动驾驶能力方面取得了长足的进步。比亚迪、蔚来汽车和小鹏汽车是中国电动汽车领域的领导者，不仅在价格上具有竞争力，而且在设计和软件方面也带来了重大进步，推动了全球电动汽车的发展。他们的创新与欧洲实现净零排放的目标相一致，通过让更广泛的消费者群体更容易获得电动汽车，同时满足环境和经济需求。

对于欧洲来说，支持与中国电动汽车生产商的贸易可能意味着加快电动汽车的采用率，更快地实现气候目标，并激发国内汽车制造商的创新。中国电动汽车公司已经展示了以具有竞争力的价格大规模生产高质量汽车的能力，这可能有助于抵消与新的欧洲排放法规和持续的通胀压力相关的成本上升。此外，正如荣鼎集团所指出的那样，全球汽车供应链已经在转向适应新兴技术;在这种情况下，阻止中国电动汽车将限制欧洲获得关键进步的机会，并可能阻碍其技术进步。

如果欧盟采取类似于美国 ICTS 规则的限制措施，可能会损害欧洲汽车制造商和消费者的利益。对从中国进口的限制将迫使欧洲制造商依赖更昂贵的供应商，从而提高整个行业的成本。此外，欧洲对气候行动的承诺将因此受到影响;限制获得负担得起的高效中国电动汽车可能会减缓该地区电动汽车的采用速度，并降低当地市场的竞争力。这种转变将特别影响中等收入的欧洲消费者，与高收入买家相比，他们在电动汽车市场的选择已经受到限制。

此外，美国对全球汽车供应链的处理方式加剧了技术“冷战”，导致市场碎片化，协作创新减少。欧洲可以通过追求更开放的贸易政策来避免这条道路，将自己定位为合作而非竞争的桥梁。

欧洲监管机构可以实施强调产品安全的独立标准，而不会孤立中国供应商。通过制定所有进口电动汽车必须满足的数据隐私、车辆连接和网络安全标准，欧盟可以确保只有合规车辆才能进入欧洲市场，同时保持从全球供应商那里获得有竞争力的先进选项。

由于欧洲迫切需要减少温室气体排放，与中国电动汽车行业的合作可能被证明是必不可少的。欧盟可以从专注于环境收益和技术增长的务实方法中受益。中国是世界上最大的电动汽车市场，已经开发了电池技术、可再生能源基础设施和具有成本效益的电动汽车生产系统，这些都可能成为欧洲实现绿色目标的宝贵资产。

在快速发展的全球电动汽车市场中，欧盟正处于开放贸易和限制性政策之间的十字路口。采取不受美国不当影响的独立立场，将使欧洲能够在保护自身行业标准的同时最大限度地利用中国进步的好处。欧洲不应该采取限制选择和限制获得负担得起的高质量电动汽车的政策，而应该考虑一种平衡的参与战略，负责任地整合中国技术，确保为欧洲消费者提供一个有竞争力的市场。

英文版：

EU-China EV Trade Talks: Seeking A Path Towards Balanced Innovation

by

Qaiser Nawab

As the electric vehicle (EV) market reshapes global economies and influences geopolitical alliances, the EU-China trade talks on EVs represent a critical moment for Europe’s future as an industrial and environmental powerhouse. Unlike the U.S., which has tightened its stance on Chinese technology imports, the European Union holds the potential to forge a more balanced approach. This strategy would not only avoid restrictive U.S.-style policies but also provide European consumers and businesses access to competitive and innovative EV options—especially from China’s rapidly advancing EV sector.

The U.S. ICTS (Information and Communications Technology and Services) Rule, which prohibits certain Chinese technology imports on security grounds, reflects the U.S. government’s broad stance to reduce reliance on China. This policy has significantly affected global supply chains, impacting industries from telecommunications to automotive. Yet, its implications extend beyond security, as it restricts economic competition in the U.S. by limiting consumer access to affordable and innovative products, especially in high-tech industries where China excels.

Should the EU adopt a protectionist or U.S.-aligned policy, European consumers could face higher prices, reduced choices, and slower technological advancement, especially in a critical sector like EVs, where affordable options are key to accelerating the green transition. Many industry experts argue that the European market should avoid alignment with U.S. restrictions, instead embracing fair trade principles that foster global innovation and ensure the best products reach European consumers.

Chinese companies have achieved remarkable advances in EV technology, making strides in affordability, battery efficiency, and autonomous capabilities. BYD, NIO, and Xpeng—leaders in the Chinese EV sector—are not only competitive on price but also bring significant advancements in design and software, pushing global EV development. Their innovations align with Europe’s goal of achieving net-zero emissions by making EVs more accessible to a broader consumer base, addressing both environmental and economic needs.

For Europe, supporting trade with Chinese EV producers could mean accelerating EV adoption rates, achieving climate targets faster, and sparking innovation among domestic carmakers. Chinese EV companies have demonstrated the ability to mass-produce high-quality vehicles at competitive prices, which could help offset the rising costs associated with new European emissions regulations and ongoing inflationary pressures. Further, as the Rhodium Group has noted, the global auto supply chain is already shifting to accommodate emerging technologies; in this context, blocking Chinese EVs would limit Europe’s access to crucial advancements and potentially hinder its technological progress.

If the EU were to adopt restrictions akin to the U.S. ICTS Rule, it could harm European automakers and consumers alike. Restrictions on imports from China would force European manufacturers to rely on more expensive suppliers, raising costs throughout the industry. Moreover, Europe’s commitment to climate action would suffer as a result; limiting access to affordable, efficient Chinese EVs could slow down the region’s EV adoption and reduce the competitiveness of local markets. This shift would particularly impact middle-income European consumers, who already face limited choices in the EV market compared to higher-income buyers.

Additionally, the U.S. approach to the global auto supply chain has intensified a tech “cold war,” leading to fragmented markets and reduced collaborative innovation. Europe could avoid this path by pursuing a more open trade policy, positioning itself as a bridge for cooperation rather than competition.

European regulators could implement independent standards that emphasize product safety without isolating Chinese suppliers. By setting standards around data privacy, vehicle connectivity, and network security that all imported EVs must meet, the EU could ensure that only compliant vehicles enter the European market while maintaining access to competitive and advanced options from global suppliers.

As Europe faces an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, collaboration with China’s EV sector could prove essential. EU could benefit from a pragmatic approach focused on environmental gains and technological growth. China, the world’s largest EV market, has developed battery technology, renewable energy infrastructure, and cost-effective EV production systems that could be valuable assets for Europe’s green goals.

In a rapidly evolving global EV market, the EU is at a crossroads between open trade and restrictive policies. Adopting an independent stance, free from undue U.S. influence, would allow Europe to maximize the benefits of Chinese advancements while protecting its own industry standards. Rather than adopting policies that limit choice and restrict access to affordable, high-quality EVs, Europe should consider a balanced engagement strategy that integrates Chinese technology responsibly, ensuring a competitive market for European consumers.

作者簡介：（Introduction of the author)

《国际诚信与品牌》（l l A B）国际观察员Qaiser Nawab 是“一带一路”可持续发展倡议 （BRISD） 主席，也是多边主义和联合国可持续发展目标方面的国际专家。

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